Dull or uneven skin describes a discoloured, patchy or blotchy appearance of the skin. It may have visible dark spots, blemishes, and uneven in tone. This appearance is often contributed by exposure to the sun, hormonal changes, and inflammation making the skin appear older and less radiant. 

Acne scarring, hyperpigmentation, age spots and sun damage are the four most common reasons for uneven skin tone. Treatments are aimed at reducing the causes of unevenness and helping to improve overall tone.

Redness and pigmentation in the skin both contribute to the tone of the skin. Redness can be caused by the natural ageing process, accelerated by sun exposure, lifestyle and underlying inflammatory skin conditions like rosacea, psoriasis and dermatitis. The presence of visible blood vessels is often accompanied by a red tone.

Pigmentation can also be viewed as part of the natural ageing process accelerated by sun exposure, lifestyle and genetics. Hormonal shifts can also be a major contributing factor to pigmentation in the form of what’s called melanoma.

Treatments are often aimed at reducing superficial pigment and redness on the skin to improve overall tone and uniformity of the complexion.

Dry or dehydrated skin can feel rough, appear dull or flaky, and is a common concern. The primary cause is often due to a lack of hydration or oils in the skin’s top layer, influenced by various factors like environmental changes, climate shifts, the use of harsh detergents or soaps, and the natural ageing process. Additionally, many inflammatory skin conditions can contribute to skin dryness or dehydration. 

Treatments and products aimed at rehydrating the skin and improving the skin’s natural ability to retain moisture will help address these concerns

Wrinkles are a natural result of the ageing process, with lines and creases appearing most frequently on sun-exposed skin like the face, neck, hands, and forearms. Factors such as pollutants and smoking can accelerate this process. In addition, areas with more facial movements and expressions tend to develop more fine lines and wrinkles. Every instance of squinting, smiling, or frowning creates tiny grooves beneath the skin, exacerbated by the reduced collagen production with age. Treatments focus on slowing down the advancement of these fine lines.

Skin laxity occurs when the skin loses its firmness and structure, leading to sagging and looseness. It is a natural part of ageing that everyone will experience at some stage in life. Skin laxity can be influenced by factors such as genetics, sun exposure, and volume loss from weight reduction.

There are several ways of addressing  skin laxity concerns, with the goal of tightening the skin and reducing the rate of elasticity loss.

Facial volume loss occurs due to the breakdown of proteins such as collagen, which play a crucial role in skin structure. This change takes place as we age, leading to a shift in fat distribution – decreasing in certain areas while increasing in others. Genetics often contribute to this process along with sun exposure and lifestyle.

Restoring lost volume in specific areas can improve overall symmetry and create a more youthful look.

Enlarged pores occur due to several different reasons, including genetics, sun exposure and general Ageing. Those with Oily Skin are  more susceptible to having enlarged pores as opposed to those with normal or dry skin. Another major contributor to the look of pores is losing collagen and elastin in the skin as we age means that pore size naturally increases with age.

Treatments are often aimed at reducing superficial oil production or accumulation and increasing collagen in the skin.

Breakouts or Acne is a complex condition of the skin with many underlying causes such as shifts in hormones, gut health, lifestyle and genetics.

Combating breakouts and managing acne is often multi-faceted aimed at reducing acne causing bacteria in the skin, improving cellular turnover of dead skin cells and reducing oil production. The severity of the condition will often dictate the course of action with the reduction and minimisation of inflammation and related scarring of the most importance.